Why are non-English Speaking students mistakenly being placed in Assignment

Why are non-English Speaking students mistakenly being placed in special eduction classes - Assignment Example ciation, most linguists now believe that the greatest contributor to second language acquisition is the social environment and pressures this encompasses. As a result, children will experience language acquisition at varying degrees of proficiency according to family circumstances. Things such as use of language in the home environment, access to television and the internet, and the level of outside classroom speaking practice the students partake in are all factors that contribute to their success in school. Perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on sequential acquisition of language, viewing it in the same regards as math or science skills, with the result the student’s second-language deficiencies being mistakenly labeled learning disabilities. Another possible instance is that of the student’s academic ability being obscured by their language ability. As sociolinguistic studies will attest, there is a connection between grammatical usage and the perception of competence and intelligence. What educators are interpreting as incompetence are actually higher forms of cognitive functioning. For instance, a student may display poor grammatical formulations in an essay, but exhibit exceptional analytic, research, or communicative competence. Teacher’s with an untrained eye for these traits are mistakenly labeling these students as learning disabled, because of their language mishaps, when higher level cognitive functioning is taking place. This is a form of linguistic imperialism that should be resisted in

U07a1 Project Personal Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U07a1 Project Personal Case Study - Essay Example I allot the one hour to use the club and play else I use the gym for an hour each day. In most cases they alternate each day. My main issue however is that I have a little difficulty in the beginning to speak to people and I take time to open up to others. Although I am a very sociable person my first meetings is generally quite different. People tend to believe that I am a quite person who prefers to keep to self and not involve in any activities. However this is clearly different once they get to know me better. Basing my case with the various studies that have been presented in the past, this paper will deal with understanding me based on two main theories, i.e. Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development and Erikson’s Theory of Psychological Development. Before moving into these theories, I will discuss my role in the orphanages and an attempt will be made to analyse the anticipated development at the organisation (Carver & Scheir, 2000). As mentioned earlier, I love to spend time at the orphanages and to participate to the best extent to assist the children here. I try to spend at least 2 – 3 days during the evenings (around three to four hours each day) to be with the children and to help them out with their studies, or any other problem that they might have. I have a very strong attachment with these children as they have to go through so much in life at such early stages and need to get through the most crucial ages of life without the love and support of their parents. Hence I try my best to assist them in ways like studies, or simply being there for them to talk too and to assist them get through the various changes that they face without feeling the lack of families. I try my best to assist as much as I can however not in terms of monetary manners but in simple other gestures like being there and being a good friend (McCrae & Costa, 1997). a) Pre Social and Symbiotic Stage: This stage is mostly during the stage of infancy and this kind of ego is

International Supply Chain Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Supply Chain Design - Assignment Example This country is currently rated as a high-income nation other vital statistics updated in 2012 including 97% of the rural population have access to water, life expectancy at birth stands at 75 years, and a national per-capita income of $24,310 (World-Bank, 2014). Saudi Arabia has among the largest oil reserves in the world and stands among the biggest suppliers of oil in the world. Before the transition of the economy to an oil-driven economy, Saudi Arabia had a slowly growing economy which was run by subsistence Agriculture. Through the years, the drafting of the national budget has highly been influenced by the estimated national oil price for the expected year. With sometimes the unpredictable oil price change implicated the first budget deficit in Saudi Arabia in 2009 (Ramady, 2010, p. 44). Thus, it is evident that this industry is the economy is over-dependent to the oil sector for the purpose of running its economy. To try to counter this, the government is advocating to suppor t other foreign and domestic investors to invest away from the oil market for the purpose to de-monopolize the country's economic outlook. Saudi Arabia is the largest oil supply in the world. As a kingdom, this country played a vital role in its contribution to the world’s economy. Oil exploration in this country was started as early as 1933 and ever since the nation has maintained its relevance to the global economy by controlling an asset that directly contributes to the stabilization of the world’s economy.  

Virtual Machine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Virtual Machine - Essay Example Virtual machine is a collection of software like JVM (java virtual m/c) that provides run time environment (e.g. data structure support) to user applications. Such software is now referred with the terms virtualization that is running two or more copies of the same operating system or two or more different operating systems and virtual servers. The host software, which provides this capability, is often referred to as a virtual machine monitor or hypervisor. It resides between the hardware and the "guest" operating systems. There are four major conceptual models of Virtual Machines used today and cater for different problem The IBM Model as demonstrated in the IBM S/390 solved the need for a single computer system that could simulate multiple computers with different operating systems. instruction set and maps JVM calls to operating system calls. It simulates a fake CPU that interprets the fake CPU instructions (what is usually referred to as byte code). The most significant feature of the Java Virtual Machine the ability write a program once and execute it with Java Virtual Machines on multiple platforms. The OSI Virtual Machine and the Unix Virtual Machine, represented by the Unix user shell are used to create operating systems and providing services and functions at the operating system level that did not exist in the system hardware. The OSI Virtual Machine model solved the problem of providing services and functions at ... The OSI Virtual Machine model solved the problem of providing services and functions at the operating system level that did not exist in the system hardware. The Unix Virtual Machine model solved series of computer engineering problems by addressing the need for a modular approach to managing the launching and control of Unix processes. The success of the Unix operating systems is to a largely to the versatility and scalability of the Unix process. The History of Virtual Machines Around 1965 the researchers at IBM Yorktown Research center, developed first virtual machine environment, for the IBM System/360 mainframe called VM, which was entirely based in software. Later, IBM developed an implementation of its notion of a virtual machine and added hardware circuits to provide more robust and speedy partitioning between system images. This real world operating system, allows the user to share the resources available on their mainframe computers with many people, thus creating a multiple user environments. . This machine is now known as the IBM System 370 (S/370) and the IBM System 390 (S/390). These machines make use of the IBM VM/ESA operating system and are collectively referred to as IBM's VM lineage. Virtual Machine Research Paper 4 Benefits of running a virtual machine Virtual machine allow user to write applications on one OS and it can be executed on a machine which runs a different OS.One use is to provide multiple users the illusion of having an entire computer. Another advantage is that booting and restarting a virtual machine can be much faster than with a physical machine, since it may be possible to skip tasks such as hardware initialization. Virtual machine allows for testing OS's and requires less

Outline and discuss the main features of fascist political thought Essay - 1

Outline and discuss the main features of fascist political thought - Essay Example Example of those who became Prince by abilities includes; Moses from the bible, Cyrus the founder of Persian Empire, Romulus the famous founder of Rome and Theseus, a hero of Athens. In this book he has a goal to pass a message on how principalities can be governed in the best way and stored (Niccolà ²,  Russell & Quentin 2005). Machiavelli goes ahead and adds that hereditary principalities are easier to keep and maintain than the newly acquired ones because the rules are already set on the ground to follow. In hereditary principalities it is easier to regain lost power by regaining the love of his subjects again. He also talks about new principalities and mixed principalities which can be administered to the existing ones to the subjects. New rulers come with new territories and if they are from the same culture, region and language, ruling becomes easy. However, if the language and customs are different the new ruler needs a lot of skills, ability and luck to govern the subjects. He gives an example of King Louis XII who went to France in 1499 and adds that the king made many mistakes during his reign. He goes ahead and gives the three ways of keeping principality that is accustomed to living under its own rules. One can destroy it, live in it or accept a form of free government that is friendly and then it gets credits from it. Destroying it may be the only sure way to end it otherwise living in it could enslave one. According to Machiavelli, men who have ambitions, imitate other men with greatness. For a man to become a prince by ability, he has to win over their dominions by setting up new and inventive methods of government. It is necessary to use force to start a new system for example, Savaronola. However, one has to be armed to succeed after use of force. An example of a Prince who rose to the top through abilities is Francesco Sforza, the Duke form Milan. Due to his abilities, he sustained power easily and he ended up

Jesus Wants Us to Treat People Equal Essay Example for Free

Jesus Wants Us to Treat People Equal Essay Jesus wants us to treat others as equal. Matthew 22:39 says â€Å"And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself† (James, 1973). Jesus treated people whom he came into contact with as equals. Although he had the power to walk on water, cause the lame to walk and the blind to see. Jesus still thought himself no greater than those that were around them, he loved them all. From the prostitutes, to the thieves and even the tax collectors, Jesus treated us all the same. What that in part tells us is that, we should take time to care for all those who are around us, not just the ones we think are on our level. Whether they may be seniors, peers, or even subordinates. This is not only the right thing to do, but as time move on it allows others to feel more comfortable about us and improves our relationship. Jesus educated them. A lot of workplaces have adopted the unwritten rule of the more you know the more valuable you are. This leads some to believe that information gained should be information held from others. Then, as time passes that person moves on and no one else is knowledge of that job criteria and overall the company fails. Jesus did not believe that, he empowered everyone with the same knowledge that he had. As Christians, we should give everyone the same training and education that we have. Jesus managed from the inside out. Many times we spend time reaching out and pleasing others, that we forget about the ones that are close to us, although we may have good intentions. In the business world, it is best that everyone from the CEO to the janitor know what is going on in the organization. This allows input from all levels that will make the overall mission of the team easier to obtain.

Equilibrium level of national income and government expenditure

Equilibrium level of national income and government expenditure In an open economy, the circular flow model of national income consists of five sectors as shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1: Circular Flow of National Income in a Five Sector Model The figure above illustrates the five sector circular flow model, which can be described as a model based on income flows from one sector of the economy to another in a circular flow motion, which explains the level of national income. The main sectors of the economy include households and firms. In the two sector model consisting only of households and firms, the economy is always at equilibrium. That is Income (Y) is always equal to consumption (C). However, the economy cannot be limited only to these two sectors. The effects of banks, government and international trade must be taken into consideration. These three sectors bring about withdrawals and injections. The financial sector mobilises savings (S) from households and makes investments (I) to firms. The government sector collects taxes (T) from households and makes expenditure (G) on firms. Finally, in the balance of payments sector, part of household income is spent on imports (M) while some revenue is received as exports (X). Since the two sector model always results to equilibrium, any distortion in equilibrium will result from the impact of the other three sectors. From the figure above, the national income is given by: Y = C +S+T+M à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (I+G+X) For equilibrium to be achieved, total leakages must be equal to total injections. That is, S+T+M = I+G+X. Therefore, the equilibrium level of national income is simply given by: Y=C. The Keynesian cross model shows how consumption is determined. Under normal conditions, households will consume all goods and services produced. In this case, consumption will be exactly equal to income. This is represented by the 45 degree line in figure 2 below. Keynes noted that the relationship between consumption and income could not be perfect as the one depicted by the 45 degree line. He noted that not everybody in the economy earns income but everybody consumes. Therefore, there is a certain amount of consumption that does not depend on income and a certain amount that depends on income. From the foregoing, Keynes suggested the following consumption function (Mankiw, 2009: 497): Where = constant is defined as the consumption that does not depend on income; c is the slope of the consumption function referred to as the marginal propensity to consume. The marginal propensity to consume lies between 0 and 1. This indicates that consumption increases as income increases but the rate of increase in consumption is not as much as the rate of increase in income (Mankiw, 2009: 496). Figure 2: The Keynesian Cross 450 Consumption (C) National income (Y) Y* According to the Keynesian cross model, the equilibrium level of national income Y* is achieved at the point where the consumption function intersects the 45-degree line. At this point, all income that is earned is consumed. This is also the point where the desired level of spending is equal to the national income (Suranovic, 2005). Aggregate demand (AD) is the total or aggregate expenditure of final goods and services in an economy over a given period of time say one fiscal year. The aggregate demand is represented depending on whether it is a closed or open economy. For an open economy, the aggregate demand is given by: Y = AD = C+I+G+X-M For a closed economy, the aggregate demand is given by: Y = AD = C+I+G In the closed economy case, X-M is considered to be zero since there are neither imports nor exports. The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping. It shows the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level (Parkin, 2009: 324). The AD curve is as shown in the figure below. Figure 3: Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve AD Price Level (P) National income (Y) Aggregate supply (AS) refers to the aggregate or total supply of final goods and services or real GDP in an economy over a given period of time. The national income or real GDP is given by: Y = GDP = C+I+G+X-M. Unlike the AD curve, the AS curve is upward sloping. It shows the relationship between aggregate supply of final goods and services and price levels. This is represented in figure 4 below. AS Price Level (P) National income (Y)Figure 4: Aggregate Supply (AS) Curve Figure 5: Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Framework (Macroeconomic Equilibrium) AS Price Level (P) National income (Y) Y* P* AD Macroeconomic equilibrium is defined as a situation where aggregate demand and aggregate supply are equal without any tendency for change (Chiang and Wainwright, 2005: 30). At this point a given price level ensures that the final goods and services demand is exactly equal to the final goods and services supplied. As shown in figure 5 above, this price level is referred to as the equilibrium price level (P*) and the real GDP or national income at this price level is the equilibrium level of national income (Y*). At this level of national income, the aggregate supply curve intersects the aggregate demand curve. Multiplier effect caused by an Increase in Government Expenditure From the circular flow model above, a multiplier effect from government expenditure will lead to an increase in government expenditure. Firms will increase investment in capital goods, employment will increase, and wages will increase. The increase in wages will lead to an increase in consumption, savings and taxes. Both imports and exports will also increase. In the long-run, the total amount of leakages will exactly equal the total amount of injections. There will be an overall increase in national income and the equilibrium level of national income will be higher than before. Using the Keynesian Cross, an increase in government expenditure will result to an increase in national income through increases in wages, consumption, savings, investment, imports and exports. 450 Consumption (C) National income (Y) Y* Y1* As income rises, the average propensity to consume (APC) which measures slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function will decrease (Mankiw, 2007: 497). This will lead to an increase in the equilibrium level of national income from Y1*. AS Price Level (P) National income (Y) Y* P* AD AD1 AS2 In the AD/AS model, an increase in government expenditure will result to an increase in aggregate demand. An increase in aggregate demand will motivate firms to increase investment. Employment will increase leading to an increase in wages. Savings will increase as well as taxes. In addition imports and exports will rise. The overall effect will be an increase in aggregate supply and aggregate demand. This will result to a rightward shift in the aggregate demand and supply curves as shown in figure 6 below. Consumer Confidence If consumer confidence is high, people tend to consume more of current income. In the circular flow model, the multiplier effect will be higher if consumer confidence is high. That is the respond to an increase in government spending will be higher than the case would be if consumer confidence is low. Households will consume more of their current levels of income as they anticipate an increase in future income. In like manner, firms will increase investment, employment will increase, and savings will reduce. Moreover, taxes will increase as well as imports and exports. In the Keynesian cross model, consumer confidence will lead to an increase in the marginal propensity to consume. People will be willing to consume more of their current incomes as they anticipate increases in future incomes. In terms of the AS/AD framework, a higher consumer confidence will lead to a significant increase in aggregate demand. This will in turn result to higher rates of investment spending, taxes, imports and exports. The overall impact will be a rightward shift in the AS and AD curves to establish a new equilibrium level of national income.